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Basic sociology is contrasted with applied
sociology (in which community mobilisation is categorised). See:
Sociology.
Basic sociology seeks to make discoveries
through observation and analysis of social groups, without attempting to
make changes in those groups.
Same as Pure
Sociology.
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| The word "because" implies a "causal"
relationship, where one condition or action "causes" another condition
or action. For action "A" to "cause" action "B" it must be both sufficient
and necessary. In community empowerment specifically, and in the
social sciences in general, many actions and conditions have multiple causes,
so it is difficult to identify a single cause of any action or condition.
If "A" is the "cause" then "B" is the "effect" of it. |
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| (Deutsch:
weil,
English:
because, Español:
porque,
Français: parce que, Português: porque) |
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| The phrase "because of" means there
is a causal relationship between action or condition "A" (the cause) and
the action or condition "B" (the effect). Do not use "due
to" or "owing
to" when you mean "because of." See: Problems
of Prediction and Cause. |
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| (Deutsch:
wegen,
English:
because of, Español:
debido
a, Français: ~,
Português: por causa de) |
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| Beliefs
Conceptual Dimension: |
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| The
belief conceptual dimension of community
is another structure of ideas, also sometimes contradictory, that people
have about the nature of the universe, the world around them, their role
in it, cause and effect, and the nature of time, matter, and behaviour.
See "culture." |
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Beliefs, like
all cultural elements, are transmitted by communicating symbols, not by
genetic (biological) inheritance. The beliefs and perceptions of
reality shared by members of a community are affected by your mobilizing
activities, and should be a major consideration in your planning of mobilizing
activities. |
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| Beneficiaries
are people who benefit from something. They could be, for example,
persons named in a will who benefit by receiving something as written in
the will of a deceased person. In a project design or a project proposal,
they are the people who benefit from the project. |
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Beneficiaries
could include direct beneficiaries such as the users of a water point that
is built by the project. Indirect beneficiaries might be persons
trained so as to implement the project. Sometimes beneficiaries of a project
are called the target
group, but that term is not an accurate description of beneficiaries. |
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| Even though
the simple meaning of "beneficiary" is simply a person who benefits (eg
from a project), the term implies some patronizing attitude. |
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| Involving two parties.
From "bi" meaning two. "Lateral" implies that the two parties are
parallel or at the same level, but this is mainly a fiction in the aid
industry where the donor country wields the power concerning if to donate,
and for what purposes. |
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There is often an implication that
the donor country is also morally superior to the recipient. Canada's
aid agency, CIDA, has a division called "Bilateral" which administers the
donation of aid between Canada and single recipient countries. Compare
with "multilateral." |
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| Bilateral aid
means government to government aid, including British DFID, American USAID,
Canadian CIDA, Swedish SIDA, Danish Danida, and assistance departments
of most wealthy and industrial countries such as Germany, France and Japan,
as well as local agencies, often commercial companies, that are funded
by the bilateral agencies. |
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| The
term "bottom up" implies decision making that comes from community members
without official status or positions. When the decision making process
is seen to be more democratic, starting from the common people and working
its way up to centralized agencies and officials, it is deemed to be "bottom
up." |
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It is usually
contrasted with "top down." The effect of mobilization and the empowerment
of low income communities is supposed to be an increase in "bottom up"
decision making processes. |
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| This is an adjective,
and refers to the life style of people who are the "burghers" (same origin
––
important people of the town or burg) or shop keepers and factory owners.
It implies rigid and intolerant values, and a "proper" life style, reflecting
the prim Victorian era of the nineteenth century. |
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It is a popular word among artists,
who consider themselves to be members of a class above, and/or not limited
by rigid social conventions. |
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| This word is a noun and,
in Marx's terms, refers to the people who own the means to produce wealth.
These are the capitalists. Marx wrote that the main conflict in society
is between the owners of wealth, and those who sell their labour to make
a living. |
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At the community level, it is important
for a mobiliser to identify those people who own and control land (if it
is an agricultural community where land is used as a major factor of production)
and any other factors of production, and to identify those people who hire
others to work for them. |
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It
is also important to identify those who own and rent property to tenants.
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Brainstorming is a
structured social process (in a training session) where a group is facilitated
to make participatory group decisions, not dominated by any individual.
See "brainstorm."
The ground rules and procedures are designed to work together to facilitate
participation (especially by those not accustomed to participate or to
work in groups) in group decision making.
You, the mobilizer,
are encouraged to learn the techniques of being a trainer, using the "brainstorm"
session as a method of developing group decision making. It can be used
in several contexts. The brainstorm is also used by managers and management
trainers as a participatory method to encourage staff input into management
and planning decisions.
See
Participatory
Management.
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Burnout, in aid work,
means a medical condition of physical and emotional fatigue. As such
it is a modern word, and owes its creation to the notion of a rocket that
burns out. It is even more common in emergency response work, but
happens also in development work.
It is caused by too
much enthusiasm, too much travelling, too many meetings, too many obligations,
not enough planning, not enough patience, and rapid running about that
results in exhaustion. The field worker tries to do too much.
For community workers,
it can be prevented by various means.
These include: frequent
visits by the supervisor, co-ordinator or manager, backstopping (support,
encouragement, advice and guidance), frequent opportunities to meet with
other field workers in seminars, workshops and meetings with other field
workers.
These meetings are
to discuss problems, vent frustrations, seek answers and dialogue in response
to difficult field situations, and to develop a camaraderie of persons
sharing similar experiences.
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