| .......... |
.
| KEY.
WORDS.
IN.
THE.
"ORGANIZING.
THE.
COMMUNITY".
MODULE |
.
...
| The
word, "democracy," comes from ancient classic languages, where "demo" means
the people (as in demography) and "cracy" means power (as in bureaucracy
or aristocracy). |
.
|
The word democracy,
then, means power to the people. Ironically, ancient Greece was not very
democratic in that the economy was based upon the labour of slaves. |
....
| There
are different kinds of democracy: eg representational democracy where the
people elect representatives (eg Members of Parliament) to make decisions
for them, and participatory democracy where the people are involved in
making decisions. |
... |
As a mobilizer,
you are urged to promote democracy, ie in the community project, but you
are not obligated to imitate the British parliamentary system. Look
for what is socially appropriate. |
...
| (العربيّة:الديمقراطية,
Bahasa Indonesia: demokrasi,
Deutsch: demokratie,
English: democracy,
Español: democracia,
Filipino/Tagalog:
demokrasya,
Français: démocratie,
Galego: democracia,
Ελληνικά: Δημοκρατία,
हिन्दी (Hindi): लोकतन्त्र, Italiano: democrazia,
日本語:
民主主義,
Malay: demokrasi,
Nederlands:
democratie,
Português:
democracia,
Romãnã: democratie,
ردو (Urdu): جمہوریت) |
.
..
| The
dependency syndrome is an attitude and belief that a group can not solve
its own problems without outside help. |
. |
It
is a weakness that is made worse by charity. See: The
Dependency Syndrome. in the project design module. |
.
|
(العربيّة
(Arabic): التبعي,
Bahasa Indonesia: dependensi,
Deutsch: Abhängigkeit,
English: dependency
syndrome, Español: síndrome
de dependencia, Filipino/Tagalog: pagtatangkilik,
Français: syndrome
de dépendance, Galego: dependencia,
Ελληνικά: Εξάρτησης,
日本語:
依存,
Malay: kebergantungan,
Nederlands:
afhankelijkheid,
Português:
dependencia,
Romãnã: dependenta,
Somali: ku
tiirsanaanta, ردو (Urdu): محتاجی
کی لت)
|
.
...
| Of
all the ways of learning (reading, listening, watching), the most effective
way of learning for most people is usually by "doing." See Training
Methods. |
. |
Learning
by doing can include doing directly such as doing a task in the field under
supervision by a trainer, or doing indirectly such as participating in
a role playing session or simulation game. |
...
| (العربيّة:القيام
بالأمر,
Bahasa Indonesia: bekerja,
Deutsch: handeln,
English: doing,
Español: practicar,
Filipino/Tagalog:
paggawa,
Français:
faire,
Galego:
facer,
Ελληνικά: Πράξη,
हिन्दी (Hindi): लोकतन्त्र, 日本語:
実技,
Malay:
membuat,
Nederlands:
doen,
Português:
agir,
fazendo,
Romãnã:
a practica,
اردو (Urdu):عمل) |
.
| Monitoring
is the regular observation, recording, analysing and reporting of activities
and the results of those activities, in a project or similar activity.
(See Monitoring). |
.
| (العربيّة
(Arabic): الرصد,
Bahasa Indonesia: pengawasan,
Deutsch: monitoring,
English: monitoring,
Español: supervisar,
Filipino/Tagalog:
pagsubaybay,
Français: surveillance,
Galego: supervisión,
Ελληνικά: Επίβλεψη,
日本語:
監視,
Malay:
memantau,
Nederlands:
monitoren,
Romãnã:
monitorizarea,
Português: monitoragem,
ردو (Urdu): نگرانی) |
.
| Participatory
Appraisal or Assessment: |
...
| Before
a project is planned, the situation must be assessed. See PAR
or PRA |
. |
For a project
to be "community-based," the whole community
must participate in observing and analysing, looking for problems, potentials,
resources and constraints. |
...
| A
community and its members do not participate in its own assessment automatically.
A decree, law, project design phrase or statement of intent will not ensure
that the whole community participates. |
. |
Community members
need encouragement, skills, stimulation and guidance in order to participate
in appraisal or assessment. Among the various tasks of the community worker,
mobilizer or facilitator, providing those are among the most important. |
...
|
Providing that
stimulation and training is variously called by the acronyms,
PRA or PAR.
|
...
| (العربيّة:تقييم
الاشتراك, Bahasa Indonesia: penaksiran
partisipator, Deutsch:
particiatory
appraisal, English: participatory
appraisal, Español: evaluación
participativa rural, Filipino/Tagalog:
pakikilahok
na pagtataya, Français: évaluation
rapide/rurale participatoire, Galego: avaliación
ou valoración participativa, Ελληνικά:
Συμμετοχική
Εκτίμηση, 日本語:
参加方式の評価または査定,
Malay:
penilaian
atau penaksiran penglibatan, Nederlands:
participerende
observatie of beoordeling, Português:
avaliação
de participação, Romãnã: estimarea
sau evaluarea participativa, ردو (Urdu): مشترکہ
تجزیہہ |
.
...
| Planning
means thinking about and working out what to do in the future. A good plan
has a series of steps leading from the current situation up to the desired
end. See Work Plan. |
. |
One effective
method is "reverse time thinking," where you start with what you want to
achieve in the end, and look at the immediately prior step to that, then
the one before that, and so on until you get to the present situation. |
...
|
(العربيّة:التخطيط,
Bahasa Indonesia: perencanaan,
Deutsch:
Planung,
English: planning,
Español: planificación,
Filipino/Tagalog:
pagpaplano,
Français:
planification,
Galego: planificación,
Ελληνικά:
Σχεδιασμός,
日本語:
計画,
Malay:
merancang,
Nederlands:
plannen,
Romãnã:
planificarea,
ردو:منصوبہ
بندى)
|
.
...
| A
"situation analysis" is a procedure during which the overall characteristics
and priority problems of a community are identified.
See
PAR. |
. |
Your job as
a mobilizer is to ensure that all, or as many community members as possible,
participate in the observation and analysis of the community situation. |
.
| (العربيّة:تحليل
الوض, Bahasa Indonesia: analisa
situasi, Deutsch:
Situationsanalyse,
English:
situation
analysis, Español: análisis
de la situación, Filipino/Tagalog: pagsusuri
ng sitwasyon, Français: analyse
de situation, Galego: análise
da situación, Ελληνικά:
Ανάλυση
της Κατάστασης, 日本語:
状況分析,
Malay:
analisis
situasi, Nederlands:
situatie-analyse,
Português:
análise
de situação, Romãnã: analiza
a situatiei, اردو:صورتحال
کا تجزی) |
.
...
| Transparency
is a very important element of strengthening a community (see elements
of empowerment).
The word "transparent" here means the ability to see through something. |
.... |
When civil
servants try to do things (ie make decisions, allocate resources) in secrecy,
hiding their activities from the people, they are not being transparent.
They are giving the people the "mushroom
treatment." |
...
| This
promotes mistrust, apathy, and marginalization (important factors of poverty
and community weakness). Your job as a mobilizer is to promote transparency.
You do it by explaining what it is, and that the people have a right and
a responsibility to know what is going on (awareness raising). |
. |
You
also do it by ensuring that it is a key element of the community organizations
that you form or re-organize. Laws, such as the "Freedom of Information
Act," or similar laws which ensure that details of government spending
must be of public record, available to the people, are intended to promote
governmental transparency, although some officials will attempt to subvert
the spirit of such laws. |
...
| If
you hide a problem, cover it up or deny that it is there; you surely hinder
its solution. |
. |
If, instead,
you uncover it, admit it, and honestly examine it, you are well on the
way to solving the problem. Transparency strengthens. |
...
| (العربيّة
(Arabic): الشفافية,
Bahasa Indonesia: transparansi,
Deutsch:
die
transparenz, English: transparency,
Español: transparencia,
Filipino/Tagalog:naaaninag
o pagiging bukas, Français:
transparence,
Galego: transparencia,
Ελληνικά:
Διαφάνεια,
Italiano:
transparenza,
日本語:
透明
明確さ,
Malay:
transparensi,
Nederlands:
transparantie,
Português: transparência,
Romãnã:
transparenta,
Somali:
waadix, ردو:شفافیت) |
––»«––
|
