| .......... |
.
|
KEY.
WORDS.
FOR.
THE.
"GETTING PREPARED".
MODULE
|
.
..
| Potentially,
the most dangerous emotion in our work is anger ––
how we deal with it. As human beings, we have emotions, and anger
is only one of the emotions. It is OK to be angry; that is part of being
human. We should not feel guilty or become embarrassed when we feel the
emotion of anger. Anger itself is a normal human emotion. We need to accept
it when we become angry. |
... |
How we act
when we are angry, however, can affect our work, whether we are mobilizing
communities, co-ordinating volunteers or managing staff. When a client,
volunteer, staff or community member makes a mistake, especially one that
affects our objectives, for example, we are tempted to show our anger,
when that is precisely the time we should be calm and cool. |
..
| When
we see someone make a mistake that affects our desired output, we need
to recognize that seeing it makes us angry and that it is our responsibility
to deal with that anger. The best immediate action to take is to go for
a walk. If there is not enough time, then we should at least go into another
room without displaying our anger, and let it die down there, outside the
view of those who angered us. |
. |
Then, when
we have our anger under control, we can more effectively deal with the
thing or event that sparked our anger. If it was a mistake by a client,
volunteer, staff or community member, we can take action as described in
the key word, Mistake.
That action can only be effective if we undertake to do it while being
cool, calm and collected. |
.
| (العربيّة:غضب,
Deutsch:
wut,
English:
anger,
ire, choler: Español:
Ira,
Filipino/Tagalog:
Galit,
Français:
colère,
Galega:
anoxo,
Kiswahili:
hasira,
Malay:
Kemarahan, Português:
ira,
Romãnã: furie,
Tiên Việt: sự
tức giận) |
..
..
| Sometimes
called social animation, From the Greek word anima (life, soul, fire, auto-movement).
To stimulate or mobilize a community so that it moves itself, so that it
lives, so that it develops. |
. |
Sometimes used
as a substitute for mobilization. Animation means uniting and mobilizing
the community to do what it (as a unity) wants to do. |
..
| Community
Empowerment Methodology takes social animation a step further, using management
training methods to further increase the capacity of the community, or
its community based organizations, to decide, plan and manage its own development.
It trains community members and leaders in management techniques needed
to ensure the community takes control of its own development. |
..... |
It also encourages
and trains government officials, local authorities and community leaders
to abandon the patronistic role of providing facilities and services. They
learn to facilitate communities to identify resources and undertake actions
to provide and maintain human settlement facilities and services. |
.
| (العربيّة:تنشيط,
Deutsch:
animation,
Soziale
Animation, English:
animation,
social
animation, Español:
animación
social, Filipino/Tagalog: pagbibigay-buhay
panlipunan, Français: animation,
animation
sociale, Italiano:
animazione,
Malay: animasi, Português:
animação
social,
animação,
Romãnã:
animare
sociala, Tiên Việt: sự
nhiệt tình) |
..
..
.
| (العربيّة:العربية,
Deutch:
animator,
English:
animator,
mobilizer,
activist,
Español:
activista,
Filipino/Tagalog: Pagbibigay-Buhay,
Français: mobilisateur,
animateur,
Italiano:
animatore,
Kiswahili:
ramsisha.
Malay:
penganimasi, Português:
animador,
Romãnã: animator
Tiên Việt: người
nhiệt tình) |
..
..
..
| It
is sometimes related to a fatalistic philosophy. Yet, "Pray to God,
but also row to shore," a Russian proverb,
demonstrates that we are in God's hands, but we also have a responsibility
to help ourselves. |
.. |
We
were created with many abilities: to choose, to cooperate, to organize
in improving the quality of our lives; we should not let our ideas of God
or Allah be used as an excuse to do nothing. |
.
| (العربيّة:العربيّة,
Deutsch:
Apathie,
English:
apathy,
Español:
apatía,
Filipino/Tagalog:
pagsasawalang
bahala, Français:
apathie,
Galego:
apatía,
Italiano:
apatia, Kiswahili:
usugu,
Malay:
apati, Português:
apatia,
Romãnã: apatie,
Somali:
naceyb
Tiên Việt: sự
thờ ơ) |
. ..
.....
..
| (العربيّة:قدرة,
Deutsch:
Macht,
empowerment,
die
stärkung, leistungsfähigkeit,
English:
capacity,
power,
strength,
Español:
capacidad,
potenciación,
Filipino/Tagalog: kakayahan,
pagpapalakas,
Français:
capacité,
empowerment,
Galego:
capacidade,
हिन्दी (Hindi): क्षमता,
Italiano:
empowerment,
Kiswahili:
uwezo,
Malay:
kapasiti, Português:
capacidade,
fortalecendo,
Romãnã: capacitate,
Pyccкий:
paзвития,
Somali: awooda,
Tiên Việt: năng
lực) |
......
...
...
| The difference between
capacity development and capacity building lies with the conception of
where the force of growth originates. |
.
|
The term "capacity building" implies
that some agency outside the community or organisation supplies the energy
to increase its capacity. |
....
| It is informed by the
concept of "social
engineering." |
.
|
The term "capacity development,"
in contrast, implies that the energy for growth is internal to the community
or organisation. |
....
.
| (العربيّة
العرب
يّة: طو, Deutsch:
leistungsaufbau;
leistungsentwicklung,
English:
capacity
development, Español:
desarrollo
de la capacidad, Filipino/Tagalog; paglilinang
ng kakayahan, Français: renforcement
des capacités, développement
des capacités, bâtiment
de capacité, développement
de capacité, fortifier
de la communauté, Galego: desenvolvemento
da capacidade, हिन्दी (Hindi): षमता विकास,
अधिकारिकरण,
Kiswahili:
kujengea
uwezo, Malay: pembangunan
kapasiti, Português: desenvolvimento
de capacidade, Romãnã: dezvoltarea
capacitatii, Somali: awoodsiinta,
Tiên Việt: nng
lực phát triển) |
..
...
| A
celebration is a happy recognition of an event, usually one which changes
the status of a person or thing. A celebration is a public party. |
. |
For a mobilizer,
celebration of completion of a community project is an important element
of community empowerment, where the community is publicly recognized for
successfully engaging in self-help. |
.
....
.
...
| The
helping of poor or needy people is a universal value, and found in all
the major world religions. But there is giving and giving. |
.
|
If your gift
makes the receiver dependent
upon you, then you are not helping to strengthen the receiver, or helping
him or her become more self reliant. |
....
| When
you give some coins to a beggar on the street, then you are training that
person to be more of a beggar. |
. |
If your assistance
is well thought out, and helps to strengthen the receiver (see the story
of Mohammed and the rope in Stories),
then it is a much more useful gift. |
.
| (العربيّة:صدقة,
Deutsch:
Wohltätigkeit,
English:
charity,
Español:
caritativo,
Filipino/Tagalog: kawang-gawa,
Français:
charité,
Galego:
caridade, Kiswahili:
kujitolea,
Malay:
amal, Português:
caridade,
Romãnã: caritate,
Tiên Việt: lòng
nhân từ) |
.
..
| The
word "community" has been used in several different contexts. |
. |
Biologists
talk of community as meaning several individuals in a single species, or
several different species, living, competing, co-operating, to make a larger
whole. |
..
| Since
the advent of the internet and information technology, various collections
of persons, often those sharing a single interest, have grown up, without
geographical boundaries, and who communicate electronically. |
. |
The focus on
this web site in this training series, is on a more orthodox meaning of
community, a community of living human beings, one which usually has geographic
boundaries (except those may be stretched, as in nomadic communities),
associated, for example in communities that range from local neighbourhoods
in large urban areas, to remote rural villages. See
Habitat. |
..
| A
community is not just a collection of individual human beings. It is a
super organism that belongs to and is part of culture,
composed of interactions between people, everything that is learned. Its
six dimensions include: technology, economy, political power, social patterns,
shared values, beliefs and ideas. It is not transmitted by biological means,
but by learning. |
. |
Like
a tree or other life form that transcends the very atoms which compose
it, its human members can come of go, through death, birth or migration,
and it still continues to live and grow. It is never homogeneous, having
many factions, schisms, competition and conflicts within it. A community
is a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. See "What
is Community." |
...
.
| (العربيّة:مجتمع
محلّي, Deutsch:
gemeinde,
English:
community,
Español:
comunidad,
Filipino/Tagalog:
komunidad,
Français:
communauté,
Galego:
comunidade,
日本語, Kiswahili:
jamii,
Malay: komuniti, Português:
comunidade,
Pyccкий: Cooобщество,
Romãnã: comunitate,
Somali: bulsho,
Tiên Việt: cộng
đồng) |
.
..
| For
a project or organization to be community based, it must originate in a
community, must have community members responsible, and have its decisions
(policy and executive) made by community members. |
. |
An outside
agency or project that is merely located in a community can not rightly
claim to be community based. Also, consulting with community leaders does
not make it community based. |
..
| There
is a big difference between community-based and community-located If an
agency sets up a service in a community (eg a clinic, an IG programme),
then that is community-located. |
. |
To be called
community-based correctly, an activity, construction, service, or organization,
must be chosen, selected and controlled by the community as a whole (not
just some factions). The important thing is for decision making to be community-based,
the decisions must be made inside and by the community. |
..
.
| (العربيّة
ائم على المجت مع المحلّي, Deutsch:
gemeindenah,
English:
community
based, Español:
basado
en la comunidad, Filipino/Tagalog: Batay
sa Komunidad. Français: fondé
sur la communauté, Galego: baseado
na comunidade, Kiswahili: Ilyo
ya jamii, Malay: berasaskan
komuniti, Português: baseado
na comunidade, Romãnã: ancorata
in comunitate, Tiên Việt: nn
tảng, cơ sở của cộng đồng) |
.
| Community
Based Organization: |
...
| A
CBO is an organization that has been formed and developed within a community,
where the decision making (management and planning) is from the community
as a whole. |
. |
An agency that
is formed from outside, and has decisions made for it from outside, may
be community located, but is not community based. See the Acronym, CBO. |
...
| (العربيّة:مؤسسة
قائمة على المجتمع المحلّي, Deutsch:
gemeindenahe
organisation, English:
community
based organization, Español:
organización
basada en la comunidad, Filipino/Tagalog: organisasyong
batay sa komunidad (OBK), Français: organisation
a basé dans la communauté, Galego: organización
baseada na comunidade, Kiswahili:
miradi
ya kijamii, Malay: organisasi
berasaskan komuniti, Português: comunidade
fundou organização, Romãnã: organizatie
ancorata in comunitate, Tiên Việt: cơ
sở tổ chức của cộng đồng) |
.
| Community
Based Rehabilitation: |
...
| Rehabilitation
in this context means physical (biological), emotional or mental rehabilitation
(or habilitation) of persons who are disabled by some physical, emotional
or mental incapacity. |
. |
Where rehabilitation
is community based, then the decision making and responsibility for the
habilitation of those disabled individuals are in the community, and do
not originate outside the community. |
,
.
|
(العربيّة:إعادة
التأهيل القائم على المجتمع المحلّي, Deutsch:
gemeindenahe
Rehabilitation, English:
community
based rehabilitation, Español:
rehabilitación
basada en la comunidad, Filipino/Tagalog: rehabilitasyon
batay sa komunidad, Français: réadaptation
a basé dans la communauté, Kiswahili: Ukarabati
wa kijamii, Malay: pusat pemulihan
berasaskan komuniti, Português: reabilitação
baseado na comunidade, Romãnã: rebilitarea
ancorata in comunitate, Tiên Việt: sự
khôi phục lại cơ sở của cộng đồng)
|
...
...
| When
we point out that community participation is not the same thing as community
contribution (though many mistakenly assume it is), we also note that both
are necessary. |
. |
While community
participation means the decision making that makes any activity community
based or community centred, community contribution is necessary to ensure
that the community members feel that they own the project, ie that they
have invested in it, not just received it. |
.
| We
recommend that at least fifty percent of the inputs of any community project
that we support must come from the community itself. At first this is often
viewed with anxiety and despair from many community members. Then we point
out that the donated communal labour alone has to be fairly calculated,
and that if they did so, they would be pleasantly surprised at how much
value that would add to the community input. |
. |
We point out
that the time spent by community members, especially those that sit on
the executive committee, deciding and planning the project, are donations
of executive and management skills, time and labour. The donated labour
should be fairly costed. Furthermore, we point out that the value of donations
of sand and dirt, too, are often underestimated, and should be recognized,
with fair cost estimates, as community inputs. |
.
| (العربيّة:مساهمة
المجتمع المحلّي, Deutsch:
gemeindebeitrag,
English:
community
contribution, Español:
contribución
comunitaria, Filipino/Tagalog: Kontribusyon
ng Komunidad, Français: contribution
de la communauté, Galego: contribución
comunitaria, Kiswahili:
mchango
wa jamii, Malay: sumbangan
komuniti, Português: contribuição
da comunidade, Romãnã: contributia
comunitatii, Tiên Việt: sự
góp phần cho cộng đồng) |
.
..
| When
a community develops, it grows. See the word, Development.
It does not necessarily mean getting bigger or getting richer. It means
getting more complex and stronger. |
. |
A community
does not get developed by a mobilizer any more than a flower grows taller
by someone pulling it up. A community (as a social institution) develops
itself. A mobilizer can only stimulate, encourage and guide members of
the community. |
..
| Some
people assume that community development simply means getting richer ––
an increase in per capita wealth or income. It can be, but is more. |
. |
It is social
change, where a community becomes more complex, adding institutions, increasing
its collective power, changing qualitatively in its organization. |
.
|
Development means
growing in complexity in all six dimensions of culture. It differs
from community empowerment which means growing stronger. Although the two
are different by definition, they are intricately linked to each other.
|
.
| (العربيّة:تطوير
المجتمع المحلّي, Deutsch:
gemeindeentwicklung,
English:
community
development, Español:
desarrollo
comunitario, Filipino/Tagalog: kalinagangg
(kaunlaran) pangkomunidad, Français: développement
de la communauté, Galego: desenvolvemento
comunitario, Kiswahili:
maendeleo
ya jamii, Malay: pembangunan
komuniti, Português: desenvolvimento
da comunidade, Romãnã: dezvoltarea comunitatii, Somali:
horumarka
bulshada, Tiên Việt: sự
phát triển của cộng đồng) |
...
...
|
To increase capacity
of a community is to increase its ability to do things for itself.
|
.
|
It is more than
just adding some communal services or facilities like roads, sanitation,
water, access to education and health care.
|
.
| It
means increased ability and strength. It means more skills, more confidence,
and more effective organization. It can not come about by charity or donation
of resources from outside. It can be facilitated through action such as
community projects, but only when all community members become involved
from the beginning, to decide upon a community action, to identify hidden
resources from within the community, and by developing a sense of
ownership and responsibility of communal facilities from the start to the
finish. |
. |
While increased
democratization may be helped by Government devolving some law making power
to the community, its capacity to make use of its legal decision making
depends upon it having practical capacity, ie the ability to make decisions
about its own development, to determine its own future. Power, strength,
capacity, ability, empowerment. |
.
|
Community development
means growing in complexity in all six dimensions of culture. It
differs from community empowerment which means growing stronger. Although
the two are different by definition, they are intricately linked to each
other.
|
.
| (العربيّة:تمكين
المجتمع, Deutsch:
gemeindestärkung,
English:
community
empowerment, Español:
potenciación
comunitaria, Filipino/Tagalog: pagsasakapangyarihan
ng komunidad, Français: fortifier
de la communauté, Galego: potenciación
comunitaria, Malay:
pemberdayaan
komuniti, Português: fortalecendo
da comunidade, Romãnã: consolidarea
coomunitatii, Tiên Việt: sự
uỷ quyền cộng đồng) |
..
| Community
Management Training: |
...
| Community
management
training is aimed at poverty reduction, the strengthening of low income
communities in the planning and management of human settlements communal
facilities and services, their construction, operation and maintenance.
This is training for action, not just for skill transfer or for giving
information to individuals. |
. |
Training, as
a method for strengthening low income communities, for poverty reduction,
for promoting community participation, for practical support to democratization
and decentralization, is far from being only the transfer of information
and skills to the trainees. It also includes mobilizing
and organizing.
This is non orthodox training. |
.
|
Formalization
and institutionalization of this kind of training brings with it the danger
of emasculating the training, of emphasizing the skill transfer over the
encouragement, mobilization and organizing aspects of the training.
|
...
| Management
training in this sense was developed for strengthening the effectiveness
of top and middle management in profit making corporations. |
. |
It has been
modified here, and integrated with techniques of trade union organizing,
for the purposes of mobilizing and strengthening the capacity of low income
communities to come together, help themselves, for developmental social
change. |
.
| (العربيّة:تدريب
الإدارة المجتمعيّة, Deutsch:
gemeinde-management-training,
English:
community
management training, Español:
adiestramiento
para la gestión comunitaria, Filipino/Tagalog: pagsasanay
as pamamahala ng komunidad, Français: formation
pour la gestion de la communauté, Galego:
formación
para a xestión comunitaria, Kiswahili:
Mafunzo
ya utawala wa jamii, Malay: latihan
pengurusan komuniti, Português: formação para a gestão comunitária,
Romãnã: instruirea
comunitatii in management, Tiên Việt: sự
quản lý đào tạo cộng đồng) |
.
..
| Community
participation is far more than the contribution of labour or supplies;
it is participating in decision making, to chose a community project, plan
it, implement it, manage it, monitor it, control it. It differs from community
contribution. |
. |
Social
Animation promotes the activities of a target community, with a view
to the community taking more responsibility for its own development, starting
with decisions about what projects to undertake, and stimulation to mobilize
resources and organize activities. |
.
|
Community participation
promotion aims at ensuring that decisions affecting the community are taken
by all (not only a few) community members (not by an outside agency).
|
.
| In
this methodology, community contribution is encouraged, for it helps the
community to become more responsible for the activity if they invest their
own resources in it. We also encourage Government, and outside donors to
discuss their activities with the whole community; this is community consultation. |
. |
Community participation
here should not be used as the equivalent of community contribution or
community consultation (as is misleadingly done by many assistance agencies);
participation here means participation in decision making, in control and
in co-ordination. |
.
| (العربيّة:مشاركة
المجتم المحلّي, Deutsch:
gemeindepartizipation,
English:
community
participation, Español:
participación
comunitaria, Filipino/Tagalog: Pakikilahok
ng Komunidad, Français: participation
de la communauté, Galego: participación
comunitaria, Kiswahili: Ushiriki
wa jamii, Malay: penyertaaan
komuniti, Português: participação
da comunidade, Romãnã: participarea
comunitatii, Somali: ka
geyb galka bushadaa, Tiên Việt:
sự
tham gia của cộng đồng) |
..
...
| When
an aid agency or donor organization consults with community leaders or
representatives, they often ask if the community wants a project. That
answer is likely to be, "Yes." The agency may then report to its
board or donors that there was community participation. That is incorrect. |
. |
What has taken
place is a consultation, not genuine community participation in decision
making, choosing and planning a project from among the community priorities
(in contrast to the agency's priorities). |
.
| (العربيّة:يستشير,
Deutsch:
beraten,
English:
consult,
Español:
consultar,
Filipino/Tagalog:
konsulta,
Français:
consulter,
Galego:
consulta, Kiswahili:
tatufa
ushauri, Malay: berunding,
Português: consulte,
Romãnã: consultare,
Tiên Việt: tham
khảo) |
...
...
| Some
people will confuse participation with contribution. Many people, when
they hear the phrase, community participation. assume it only means community
contribution. They think only of the communal labour that members will
put into the project. |
. |
Unfortunately,
there have been many cases in the past where community members were treated
as serfs or slaves and forced to contribute their labour (or other resources,
eg land, food). The methodology promoted in this handbook is quite the
opposite. Participation here means participation in decision making, not
merely the contribution of resources. See community
contribution. |
.
| (العربيّة:مساهمة,
Deutsch:
beitrag,
English:
contribution,
Español:
contribución,
Filipino/Tagalog:
kontribusyon,
Français:
contribution,
Galego:
contribución,
Kiswahili:
mchango,
Malay: sumbangan, Romãnã:
contributi,
Tiên Việt: sự
đóng góp) |
..
...
| One
of the most important bits of wisdom to learn is that when we see something
wrong, to criticize it usually does not make it right, or correct the problem.
Instead, it usually makes the problem worse. |
. |
Why? Because
human beings feel threatened and under attack when someone is criticizing
them. Criticism lowers our/their self confidence and self esteem.
We become defensive when criticized, and instead of correcting the mistake,
we tend to defend it. |
...
| When
we are mobilizing communities, co-ordinating volunteers, or managing staff,
we must learn to expect that they will make mistakes and be prepared to
deal with those mistakes in ways that further our aims. |
. |
Showing our
anger, criticizing the person who makes the mistake, may serve a purpose
of "venting," but we pay a huge price for that personal relief. Refer to
the key words: Mistakes,
Anger,
and Sandwich,
and search for ways to correct the mistake without negative criticism. |
...
..
| (العربيّة:نقد,
Deutsch:
kritik,
English:
criticism,
Español:
críticas,
Filipino/Tagalog:
kritisismo
o pamumuna, Français:
critique,
Galego:
crítica,
Kiswahili:
pingamizi,
Malay:
kritikan, Português:
crítica,
Romãnã:
critica,
Tiên Việt: phê
bình) |
.
..
| More
than merely songs and dances, culture, in social science, means the overall
social system, the total of all learned attitudes and behaviour, consisting
of socio-cultural systems belonging to six dimensions: technological,
economic,
political,
interactive,
ideological
and world
view. |
. |
The basic unit
of culture is the "symbol." Culture is not genetic; it is transmitted by
communicating symbols. Sometimes called the "superorganic,"
because it is composed of systems that transcend the biological entities,
humans, that compose and bear culture. |
...
...
| (العربيّة:ثقافة,
Deutsch:kultur,
English:
culture,
Español:
cultura,
Filipino/Tagalog:
kultura,
Français:
culture,
Galego:
cultura, Kiswahili:
tamaduni,
Malay:
budaya, Português:
cultura,
Romãnã: cultura,
Somali:
dhaqanka, Tiên Việt: văn
hoá) |
/
..
| The
dependency syndrome is an attitude and belief that a group can not solve
its own problems without outside help. |
. |
It
is a weakness that is made worse by charity. See: The
Dependency Syndrome. |
.
| (العربيّة:متلازمة,
Deutsch:
Abhängigkeit
(Syndrom), English:
dependency,
Español:
síndrome
de dependencia, Filipino/Tagalog: pagtangkilik,
Français:
syndrome
de dépendance, Galego: dependencia,
Ελληνικά:
Εξάρτησης,
Malay:
ketergantungan,
Português: síndrome
de dependência, Romãnã: dependenta,
Somali:
ku
tiirsanaanta, Tiên Việt: phụ
thuộc) |
..
..
| Many
people assume that development means quantitative increase, whereas its
main characteristic is qualitative change. |
.
|
To develop
is to grow, and to grow means more than to get bigger; it also means to
become more complex and stronger. |
....
| When
a community develops, it gets stronger
and more complex. |
.
|
It
undergoes social change. |
....
| See
"Culture." An
economist may see development as only an increase in wealth or income (absolute
or per capita); and an engineer may see development as a greater control
over energy, or more sophisticated and powerful tools. |
. |
To a mobilizer,
however, those are only two of the six cultural dimensions of a community
that change. Development means social change in all six cultural dimensions:
technological, economic, political, interactive, ideological and world
view. |
.
.
| (العربيّة:تطوير,
Deutsch:
Entwicklung,
English:
development,
Español:
desarrollo,
Filipino/Tagalog:
kalinangan
, Français:
développement,
Galego:
desenvolvemento,
日本語: 発展,
Malay:
pembangunan,
Português:
desenvolvimento,
Romãnã: dezvoltare,
Somali:
horumarka,
Tiên Việt: sự
phát triển) |
.
...
...
|
A community is
a cultural or social entity, so the dimensions also apply to communities.
See:
Dimensions.
|
.
| (العربيّة:أبعاد
الثقافة,
Deutsch:kulturdimensionen,
English:
dimensions
of culture, Español:
dimensiones
de la cultura, Filipino/Tagalog: dimensyon
ng kultura, Français: dimensions
de culture, Galego: dimensións
da cultura, 日本語: 文化の側面,
Malay: dimensi budaya,
Romãnã: dimensiunile
culturii, Somali: geybaha,
Tiên Việt: những
yếu tố văn hoá) |
...
...
|
Illness is one
of the five major factors of poverty.
|
.
| It
is cheaper, more humane, and more productive for a society or community
to prevent than to cure disease and to direct limited resources towards
the treatment of a few common diseases affecting the majority of the population,
rather than towards sophisticated equipment and skills for the treatment
of a few wealthy people (thus the reasons for WHO promoting and supporting
the principles of primary health care). |
. |
Knowing this,
you the mobilizer may challenge a community's first and lightly considered
choice of a clinic, and perhaps let them see the logic and reasoning for
first choosing effective water and sanitation systems to prevent water
borne diseases. |
.
| (العربيّة:مرض,
Deutsch:
Krankheit,
English:
disease,
Español:
enfermedad,
Filipino/Tagalog: sakit,
Français:
maladie,
日本語: 病気,
Galego:
enfermidade,
Malay:
penyakit, Português:
doença,
Romãnã:
boala,
Somali:
cudur,
Tiên Việt: dịch bệnh) |
.
...
| Lack
of integrity and lack of honesty. |
.
|
Dishonesty is
one of the five major factors of poverty.
|
....
| Comes
with various labels, including corruption, embezzlement, extortion and
theft. It happens when wealth intended for development of the whole society
is illegally, and usually secretly, diverted to benefit individuals who
betray their positions of trust as servants of society as a whole. |
. |
The resulting
lack of trust contributes in turn to apathy and poverty. That is
why you, as mobilizer and organizer of community organizations, promote
transparency, integrity and honesty in the groups you organize. |
.
| (العربيّة:فساد,
Deutsch:
korruption,
unehrlichkeit,
English: corruption,
dishonesty,
Español:
falta de
honradez, Filipino/Tagalog: di-matapat,
Français: malhonnêteté,
Kiswahili:
rushwa,
Galego:
deshonestidade,
日本語: 不正直,
Malay:
ketidakjujuran,
Português:
desonestidade,
Romãnã: necinste,
Somali:
daacaddarro,
Tiên Việt: tính
không thành thật, Tiên Việt: làm) |
.
| Doing
(learning by doing): |
...
| Of
all the ways of learning (reading, listening, watching), the most effective
is by "doing." See Training
Methods. |
. |
Learning by
doing can include doing directly such as doing a task in the field under
supervision by a trainer, or doing indirectly such as participating in
a role playing session or simulation game. |
...
| (العربيّة:عمل
(التعلّم عن طريق العمل), Deutsch:
handeln,
English:
doing,
Español:
practicando,
Filipino/Tagalog: paggawa,
Français:
faire,
Galego:
facer,
Ελληνικά:
Πράξη,
हिन्दी (Hindi): लोकतन्त्र, 日本語:
実技,
Malay:
membuat,
melakukan, Nederlands:
doen,
Português:
fazendo,
agir,
faça,
Romãnã: a practica,
Tiên Việt: làm) |
..
.
| The
word "gender" is used to distinguish between two categories, "masculine"
and "feminine." |
.
|
It should not
be confused with the word "sex"
which is used to distinguish between "male" and "female." |
....
| Gender,
and its interpretations of what constitutes masculine and feminine differ
greatly between culture and culture, between community and community. |
.
|
Our concern
with gender mainly is focused on how distinctions of gender affect the
distribution of power, economic relations, and social distinctions. |
....
| These
are important variables which affect communities, and affect the nature
of the work of every mobilizer. |
. |
A mobilizer
must (as part of the requirement of learning about a community) understand
what values, attitudes and conceptualizations are shared among community
members. |
...
|
A mobilizer must
also work towards reducing unfair political and economic differences between
the genders, as an important element of community empowerment. See
the training module on Gender.
Also see: Age,
Race and Sex.
|
.
| (العربيّة:جندر
(تصنيف غير بيولوجي للجنس, Deutsch:
gender,
English:
gender,
Español:
género,
Filipino/Tagalog:
pangkasarian
o kasarian, Français:
genre,
Galego:
xénero,
日本語: ジェンダー,
Kiswahili:
ujinsia,
Malay: gender, Português:
género,
Romãnã: gen,
Somali:
jandar,
Tiên Việt: giới
tính) |
.
..
| One
of the five major factors of poverty
is
ignorance.
To many, the word ignorant is an insult. What we mean is simply that some
people do not know some things; there is no shame in that. |
. |
Also know that
ignorance and stupidity are very different things. Adults can learn, but
do not treat them as children or as inferior, or you will block their learning. |
..
|
Ignorance means
not knowing something, stupidity means not being able to know something,
and foolishness means doing or not doing something when one knows better.
Ignorance, stupidity and foolishness are very different things.
|
.
| (العربيّة:جهل,
Deutsch:
Unwissenheit,
English:
ignorance,
Español: ignorancia,
Filipino/Tagalog:
kamangmangan,
Français:
ignorance,
Galego:
ignorancia,
日本語, Malay:
ketidaktahuan,
Português: ignorância,
Romãnã:
ignoranta,
Somali:
jaahilnimo,
Tiên Việt: sự
thiếu hiểu biết) |
.
...
.
| Stimulation.
Not exactly the same as organize,
because action has to take place (people become mobile, moving) before
it can be called mobilization. |
. |
It can be spelled
"mobilise." Similar to social
animation, except animation includes both the mobilizing and the organizing.
See "Action." |
...
| (العربيّة:يعبيء,
Deutsch:
mobilisieren,
English:
mobilize,
Español: movilización,
Filipino/Tagalog: nagbibigay-buhay,
pakilusin,
Français:
mobilisez,
Galego:
mobilizar,
Malay: memobilisasi, Português:
mobilizar,
Romãnã:
a
mobiliza, Somali:
wacyigelinta,
Tiên Việt: vận
động) |
.
.
| A
mobilizer is a person who mobilizes, ie gets things moving. Social animator.
Community development officer or assistant. |
. |
Community worker.
Activist. Community participation promoter. See: To
Be a Mobilizer. |
...
| (العربيّة:شخص
يقوم بالتعبئة, Deutsch:
mobilisieren,
activist,
English:
mobilizer,
activist,
animator,
Español:
activista,
Filipino/Tagalog:
pakilusin,
Italiano: attivista,
Kiswahili:
ramsisha.
Français:
mobilisateur,
Galego:
activista,
日本語:
訓練士または助成人,
Malay:
pemobilisasi,
Português:
ativista,
Romãnã:
mobilizator,
Tiên Việt:
người
vận động) |
|
|
.
...
| Money
and wealth are not the same. Money is a cultural symbol that everyone must
believe in if it is to be useful. |
. |
It can be used
as a measure of wealth, a method of transferring or exchanging wealth,
and a way to store wealth. (See "wealth,"
and Principles
of Wealth). |
...
.
| (العربيّة:مال,
Deutsch:
geld,
English:
money,
Español:
dinero,
Filipino/Tagalog:
pera,
Français:
argent,
Galego:
diñeiro, 日本語:
金銭,
Malay: wang, Português:
dinheiro,
Romãnã: bani,
Somali:
lacag,
Tiên Việt: tiền
bạc) |
..
|
How do you raise
mushrooms? You "keep them in the dark and feed them cow manure."
|
.
| This
is a slang phrase meaning the opposite of transparency. |
. |
Usually a more
rude phrase for male bovine faeces is used instead of "cow manure". |
.
| (العربيّة:تعتيم,
Deutsch:
pilzaufzucht,
English:
mushroom
treatment, Español:
setas,
cultivo
de setas, Filipino/Tagalog: tratong
kabuti, Français: champignon,
traitement
de champignon, Galego: o
cultivo do champiñón, 日本語: ッシュルーム扱い,
Malay:
pengendalian cendawan,
Português:
tratamento
de cogumelo, Romãnã: "cultivarea"
ciupercilor) |
.
....
| Poverty
is more than a lack of money and income, more than lack of access to facilities
and services such as water, roads, education or clinics. It is the result
of “poverty of spirit” ie an attitude of hopelessness, an ignorance
of available resources, a dependence upon others, lack of confidence, discouragement,
lack of skills, lack of trust, lack of integrity and lack of effective
sustainable organization; in short, lack of good management. See
Factors
of Poverty. |
... |
Poverty
is a social problem, and calls for a social solution; poverty is not merely
the lack of income among a collection of individuals. Poverty can be reduced
by organizing and guiding poor people towards helping themselves, and by
getting stronger (empowerment)
as a result of engaging in struggles and meeting challenges. The eradication
of poverty, therefore, calls upon a sustainable improvement in management. |
.
| (العربيّة:فقر,
Deutsch:
Armut,
English:
poverty,
Español:
pobreza,
Filipino/Tagalog:
Kahirapan,
Français:
pauvreté,
Galego:
pobreza,
日本語: 貧困,
Malay:
kemiskinan, Português:
pobreza,
Romãnã: saracie,
Somali:
faqri,
Tiên Việt: sự
nghèo đói) |
.
...
| The
word “alleviation,” means to temporarily take away pain and discomfort.
Giving money to poor people does not end poverty. |
. |
As
mobilizers dedicated to fighting the causes not the symptoms of poverty,
we avoid this approach (mere alleviation by transferring money). |
...
| (العربيّة:تسكين
الفقر, Deutsch:
Armutslinderung,
English:
poverty
alleviation, Español:
alivio
de la pobreza, Filipino/Tagalog: pagpapawi
sa kahirapan, Français: allégement
de pauvreté, Galego: alivio
da pobreza, Italiano:
alleviare
la povertà, Malay: peringanan
kemiskinan, Português:
alívio
de pobreza, Romãnã: alinarea
saraciei, Somali:
yareynta
faqriga, Tiên Việt: xoá
đói giảm nghèo) |
.
...
| As
mobilizers, we work towards the elimination of the social problem of poverty
by analysing its causes, and taking steps to oppose and remove those causes.
Since poverty is a social problem, the solution to that problem is
social. |
. |
Two complementary
approaches to poverty elimination (communal and private) are found in two
complementary modules here: Community
Mobilization Cycle, and Income
Generation Scheme. |
.
| (العربيّة:إستئصال
الفقر, Deutsch:
Armutsbeseitigung,
English:
poverty
eradication, Español: erradicación
de la pobreza, Filipino/Tagalog: pagpuksa
sa kahirapan, Français: extirpation
de pauvreté, Galego: erradicación
da pobreza, Italiano:
alleviare
la povertà, Malay:
penghapusan
kemiskinan, Português:
erradicação
de pobreza, Romãnã: eradicarea
saraciei, Somali:
ciribtirka
faqriga, Tiên Việt: xoá
triệt để cái nghèo) |
..
...
| The
word "reduction" means to make something smaller. See
Principles
of Community Empowerment. |
. |
In contrast
to “alleviation” which temporarily treats the symptoms of poverty,
reduction is seen as on the right pathway towards eradication. |
...
| (العربيّة:تخفيض
الفقر, Deutsch:
Armutsreduzierung,
English:
poverty
reduction, Español:
reducción
de la pobreza, Filipino/Tagalog: pagbabawas
sa kahirapan, Français: réduction
de pauvreté, Galego: redución
da pobreza, Malay:
pengurangan
kemiskinan, Português: redução
de pobreza, Romãnã: reducerea
saracie, Tiên Việt: giảm
bớt nghèo đói) |
. .
...
| The
concept of primary health care, promoted and supported by WHO, is a package
of policies and practices that are of particular interest to poor people
and to people in low income nations. |
. |
The principles
in that package include putting an emphasis onto spending on low cost health
care for the common diseases, which affect the majority of the population,
rather than putting scarce resources into high cost, sophisticated (eg
high tech) curative practices that benefit only the rich. |
...
| It
also recognizes that prevention is much cheaper than cure, that it results
in less mortality (death rate) and morbidity (illness rate) which put strains
on the economy, and is more humane. |
. |
It includes
the notion that many persons can be trained to low levels of medical skills
who can reach more remote areas of the country, and who can refer difficult
cases to more highly trained professional in urban areas. |
...
| The
notion of PHC is important to mobilizers in poor countries, as it needs
to be understood by all people, and it is a more efficient way of allocating
limited resources. |
... |
The principles
lying behind PHC are also applicable to other community based activities,
such as community based social work. See the acronym PHC. |
...
| (العربيّة:رعاية
صحّية أولي, Deutsch:
Primäre
Gesundheitsversorgung, English:
primary
health care, Español:
atención
sanitaria primaria, Filipino/Tagalog: pangunahing
kalingang pangkalusugan, Français:
santé
primaire, Galego: atención
sanitaria primaria, Italiano:
assistenza
sanitaria primaria, Malay: penjagaan
kesihatan utama, Português: cuidado
médico primário, Romãnã: ingrijirea
medicala primara, Tiên Việt: chăm
sóc sức khoẻ sơ cấp) |
..
...
| Social
animation means to put some life ("anima") into a social institution such
as a community. |
... |
Usually
called "Animation" (not to be confused with making animated cartoons for
the cinema). See Animation. |
..
..
...
| (العربيّة:تقوية,
Deutsch:
Empowerment,
Macht,
die
stärkung, Stärken,
English:
capacity
development, empowerment, power, strengthening,
Español:
capacidad,
potenciación,
Filipino/Tagalog: pagpapalakas,
Français:capacité,
empowerment,
हिन्दी (Hindi): षमता विकास अधिकारिकरण,
Italiano: empowerment,
日本語: 強くする,
Kiswahili:
kujengea
uwezo, Malay: menguatkan, Português:capacidade,
desenvolvimento
de capacidade, fortalecendo,
Romãnã:
dezvoltarea
capacitatii,
intarire,
Pyccкий: Рaзвития,
Somali:
xoojinta,
Tiên Việt: tăng
cường) |
.
––»«––
|
