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| Basic
sociology is contrasted with applied sociology (in which community mobilisation
is categorised). See: Sociology. |
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Basic
sociology seeks to make discoveries through observation and analysis of
social groups, without attempting to make changes in those groups. |
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The word "because" implies a "causal"
relationship, where one condition or action "causes" another condition
or action. For action "A" to "cause" action "B" it must be both sufficient
and necessary. In community empowerment specifically, and in the
social sciences in general, many actions and conditions have multiple causes,
so it is difficult to identify a single cause of any action or condition.
If "A" is the "cause" then "B" is the "effect" of it.
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(Deutsch:
weil,
Español:
porque, Français:
parce que, Português: porque,
Pyccкий:
~) |
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The phrase "because of" means there
is a causal relationship between action or condition "A" (the cause) and
the action or condition "B" (the effect). Do not use "due
to" or "owing
to" when you mean "because of." See: Problems
of Prediction and Cause.
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(Deutsch:
wegen,
Español:
debido a, Français:
~,
Português: por causa de,
Pyccкий:
~) |
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| Beliefs
Conceptual Dimension: |
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| The
belief conceptual dimension of community
is another structure of ideas, also sometimes contradictory, that people
have about the nature of the universe, the world around them, their role
in it, cause and effect, and the nature of time, matter, and behaviour.
See "culture." |
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Beliefs,
like all cultural elements, are transmitted by communicating symbols, not
by genetic (biological) inheritance. The beliefs and perceptions
of reality shared by members of a community are affected by your mobilizing
activities, and should be a major consideration in your planning of mobilizing
activities. |
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| Beneficiaries
are people who benefit from something. They could be, for example, persons
named in a will who benefit by receiving something as written in the will
of a deceased person. In a project design or a project proposal, they are
the people who benefit from the project. |
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Beneficiaries
could include direct beneficiaries such as the users of a water point that
is built by the project. Indirect beneficiaries might be persons trained
so as to implement the project. Sometimes beneficiaries of a project are
called the target
group, but that term is not an accurate description of beneficiaries. |
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Even though
the simple meaning of "beneficiary" is simply a person who benefits (eg
from a project), the term implies some patronizing attitude.
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| Involving
two parties. From "bi" meaning two. "Lateral" implies that
the two parties are parallel or at the same level, but this is mainly a
fiction in the aid industry where the donor country wields the power concerning
if to donate, and for what purposes. |
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There
is often an implication that the donor country is also morally superior
to the recipient. Canada's aid agency, CIDA, has a division called
"Bilateral" which administers the donation of aid between Canada and single
recipient countries. Compare with "multilateral." |
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Bilateral aid
means government to government aid, including British DFID, American USAID,
Canadian CIDA, Swedish SIDA, Danish Danida, and assistance departments
of most wealthy and industrial countries such as Germany, France and Japan,
as well as local agencies, often commercial companies, that are funded
by the bilateral agencies.
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| (Deutsch:
bilateral,
Español:
~, Français: ~, Português: ~, Pyccкий:
~) |
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| The
term "bottom up" implies decision making that comes from community members
without official status or positions. When the decision making process
is seen to be more democratic, starting from the common people and working
its way up to centralized agencies and officials, it is deemed to be "bottom
up." |
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It
is usually contrasted with "top down." The effect of mobilization and the
empowerment of low income communities is supposed to be an increase in
"bottom up" decision making processes. |
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| This
is an adjective, and refers to the life style of people who are the "burghers"
(same origin –– important people of the
town or burg) or shop keepers and factory owners. It implies rigid and
intolerant values, and a "proper" life style, reflecting the prim Victorian
era of the nineteenth century. |
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It
is a popular word among artists, who consider themselves to be members
of a class above, and/or not limited by rigid social conventions. |
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| This
word is a noun and, in Marx's terms, refers to the people who own the means
to produce wealth. These are the capitalists. Marx wrote that the main
conflict in society is between the owners of wealth, and those who sell
their labour to make a living. |
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At
the community level, it is important for a mobiliser to identify those
people who own and control land (if it is an agricultural community where
land is used as a major factor of production) and any other factors of
production, and to identify those people who hire others to work for them. |
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It
is also important to identify those who own and rent property to tenants.
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| Brainstorming
is a structured social process (in a training session) where a group is
facilitated to make participatory group decisions, not dominated by any
individual. See "brainstorm."
The ground rules and procedures are designed to work together to facilitate
participation (especially by those not accustomed to participate or to
work in groups) in group decision making. |
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You,
the mobilizer, are encouraged to learn the techniques of being a trainer,
using the "brainstorm" session as a method of developing group decision
making. It can be used in several contexts. The brainstorm is also used
by managers and management trainers as a participatory method to encourage
staff input into management and planning decisions. |
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| Burnout,
in aid work, means a medical condition of physical and emotional fatigue.
As such it is a modern word, and owes its creation to the notion of a rocket
that burns out. It is even more common in emergency response work, but
happens also in development work. It is caused by too much enthusiasm,
too much travelling, too many meetings, too many obligations, not enough
planning, not enough patience, and rapid running about that results in
exhaustion. The field worker tries to do too much. |
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For
community workers, it can be prevented by various means. These include:
frequent visits by the supervisor, co-ordinator or manager, backstopping
(support, encouragement, advice and guidance), frequent opportunities to
meet with other field workers in seminars, workshops and meetings with
other field workers. These meetings are to discuss problems, vent frustrations,
seek answers and dialogue in response to difficult field situations, and
to develop a camaraderie of persons sharing similar experiences. |
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